A comparison of the environmental effects of using nuclear energy and Essay

An examination of the natural impacts of utilizing atomic vitality and coal vitality - Essay Example An examination of the natural impacts of utilizing atomic vitality and coal vitality Since the year 1974, there has been no new pivotal for setting up new atomic force plants albeit various atomic reactor units have been built at these plants. In any case, there has as of late been a recovery of enthusiasm for atomic vitality and this new intrigue has to a great extent been cultivated by the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, which was built up in the year 2000. There has been an expansion in the quantity of atomic reactors being built since 2010 in existing force plants, for example, the one at Watts Bar, Tennessee. Notwithstanding the resurgence of enthusiasm for atomic vitality, a large portion of the tasks, which have been set up for the development of atomic reactors have been as of late dropped. This is chiefly because of the financial difficulties that are at present grasping the country just as the negative response that came in the wake of the ongoing atomic mishaps in Japan. Authorities in the atomic business express that they just expect around five new atomic reactors to be working in the following eight years due to the preventions, which have made the vast majority of their ventures to slow down. Since the start of its utilization, there has been a great deal of discussion about the utilization of atomic force in the United States and this has as of late strengthened because of discuss a coming renaissance in the utilization of atomic vitality (Terzo 1). Probably the most fervently discussed issues concerning the utilization of atomic vitality have been matters concerning the open security.

The Olympic Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Olympic Games - Essay Example In any case, there was insufficient positive reaction from the representatives. That was really formulated for the investigation of novice sports, he again voiced his view on the recovery of the Olympic Games and was charmed when different nations taking an interest in the Congress concurred with him. Following this agreement, delegates chose to have Coubertin develop a panel, containing individuals from different nations, to lead the main Modern Olympics in Athens, Greece. That board of trustees headed by Demetrious Vikelas from Greece managed the arrangements for the games and that advisory group just turned into the later day and now working International Olympic Committee. In this way, Pierre de Coubertin is generally recognized as the originator of the cutting edge Olympic Games, alongside Demetrios Vikelas. The three Latin expressions of Citius, Altius, and Fortius turned into the Olympic proverb, with Coubertin himself proposing subsequent to having obtained it from his compan ion Henri Didon, a Dominican cleric who showed the game to understudies. The games began at the Athens’ Panathenaic Stadium feeling celebratory on sixth April 1896 and closed on fifteenth April. â€Å"The modem games were initiated in style, with the custom and exhibition that Coubertin felt was basic to their social purpose.† Competitors originated from 14 countries, with around 245 competitors, every one of whom were male. From those beginnings, the games kept on occurring with expanding number of nations and competitors like clockwork, except for the years during the World Wars.

GoodData founder Roman Stanek talks about his business

GoodData founder Roman Stanek talks about his business INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in San Francisco and doing good with GoodData. Roman, who are you and what do you do?Roman: Im Roman Stanek, Im the founder and CEO of GoodData and we help companies to collect, store, organize, analyze, visualize and distribute data.Martin: Great.Martin: What did you do before you started this company?Roman: I started number of companies, multiple companies, all in hi-tech space. When Java was two months old I started company called Net Beans and its now part of Oracle. Then I moved on and started company called Systinet thats now part of HP and its one of the first cloud-based companies. AWS started, it was my first customer was AWS a long time ago.Martin: So you are totally into clouds?Roman: Totally the cloud follow ups, exactly, 11-12 years.Martin: Great. And how did you come up with the idea of GoodData?Roman: The GoodData idea is actually my initial idea 20-years ago when I started my career. I actually spent time in the database business, I worked for Sybase and seven years ago, when I started, I looked at what the next opportunity would be. I kind of came up with this idea of kind of data in the cloud and as a next big thing. And it was so early, the term big data was not coined then, and even the fact I was able to buy gooddata.com, data was not in fashion in 2007 when I actually started the company.BUSINESS MODEL OF GOODDATAMartin: And can you briefly describe how the business model works at GoodData?Roman: The business model is a SaaS model, so we dont Its a subscription based model. As I said, we help companies to manage their data and GoodData is an end-to-end platform. So, we do every single step from getting the data to getting the finished visualization and so forth and so on, and we charge monthly fee for it and thats kind of the most predictable and the most efficient way how companies can buy analytics these days.Martin: Ok. And are you focusing on a specific kind of function in a company, like marketing, sales, funds, whatever, or is it that you are a general platform for everything related to data?Roman: It is actually, on one hand Gooddata is generic platform, so it can be used by IT and different parts of organization. But if you look at whats happening at modern enterprise, only 5-7 years ago most of the data was created inside of the firewall, in some ERP function in some SAP and so on, and thats where most analytics used to be. Now, the analytics is all focused on external, the touch points with customers, how do we interact with our customers and prospects and partners on the web, on social and mobile and so on. So, most of the data is actually created outside of the firewall and thats why we analyze it in the cloud, and the next step would be, kind of the internet of things when 99% of data will be created outside of the firewall. Now we analyze the interactions of our customers data, in couple years we will be analyzing interactions with devices of our customers. And thats kind of the next evolution of big data.Martin: How did you acquire the first customers when you started out?Roman: How did we acquire customers Its interesting If you look at being entrepreneur, your first customer is almost like your VC. They almost get no benefit out of it, not even equity, and so the first customer needs to be somebody who really trusts you, who actually is so visionary that he wants to do better than just follow company. They want to help the whole industry, because its a lot of reward, working with a product thats half build, half backed, not ready, its actually a lot of work and even if you get it for free, its still difficult.Martin: How do you convince those guys?Roman: Again, its they need to be visionary, you dont need to convince them, they almost need to convince you. The first customer needs to be who says Im looking for is to increase the competitiveness of my company. Im really into it. It really needs to be almost like a co-founder.Martin: Okay, gre at!CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Lets talk about corporate strategies. What do you think is the distinction between you and your competitors?Roman: What really makes us set apart is, first of all, we really have this vision for solving the problem completely. Most companies, if you ask them What do you do?, they say We do: how we do visualization or we do data cleansing, or some of the aspects of data measurement, and we essentially do the whole end-to-end from data to insights.Martin: Ok, great. If youre looking at your product strategy for the next 3-5 years, what are the areas you would like to dig into?Roman: The next 3-5 years its going to be a lot about the volume of data, internet of things, unstructured data, more and more data is now being introduced by the way we interact, the visual and social and so on. Its also going to be about being able to find insights automatically, machine learning and so on. And the last one is ability to benchmark data automatically. If I tell you t hat you can close a deal in 20 days, its valuable, but if I tell you that your competitors close deals in 10 days, you know that youre not doing well. So, being able to kind of put data in perspective is going to be more and more important.Martin: When you look at the marketplace, there are several big data startups who are just trying to solve one problem and one industry, like, for example, for the finance industry and banking etc., there are several startups. And youre trying to solve this kind of big data problem for lot of functions, for lot of industries. What is the reason behind doing that? Would it be more adventurous for focusing only on one industry and solving their problems much better?Roman: I see that this is kind of, as I said, on one hand we are generic platform, but we really focus on sales and marketing executive. Thats where the most of the customer interaction actually is. And at the same time, kind of the cloud based platform that is open and has APIs and so on . We actually let our customers to decide and take us where they want to take us.Martin: Ok, great.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: If you look at the market in general, what is the perspective on the major trends happening right now in the cloud industry?Roman: The cloud industry, first of all, big players are really investing heavily. This city was full of Oracle in the last couple days and Oracle is saying well yes, its not only Google and AWS, its also Oracle, Microsoft is big in the cloud and so on. Its really kind of industry that is maturing very fast and its being kind of endorsed by major players. In five years, we will not see the traditional IT organization as we see today. Its going to all move to the cloud and the CIO will not stand for informational infrastructure, it will actually be innovation.Martin: OK. And do you also see some kind of external certification companies, lets say certifying security, or data related kind of concerns?Roman: Oh, its already happening, obvious ly, the security and privacy. We actually, big part of it we are kicking off of data privacy initiative. But there are many organizations that do it.Martin: OK, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM ROMAN STANEK During our interview tour in Silicon Valley, we talked with entrepreneur Roman Stanek about the business model of GoodData. Furthermore, Roman shares his learnings and advice for young entrepreneurs.The transcript of the interview is included below.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in San Francisco and doing good with GoodData. Roman, who are you and what do you do?Roman: Im Roman Stanek, Im the founder and CEO of GoodData and we help companies to collect, store, organize, analyze, visualize and distribute data.Martin: Great.Martin: What did you do before you started this company?Roman: I started number of companies, multiple companies, all in hi-tech space. When Java was two months old I started company called Net Beans and its now part of Oracle. Then I moved on and started company called Systinet thats now part of HP and its one of the first cloud-based companies. AWS started, it was my first customer was AWS a long time ago.Martin: So you are totally into clouds?Roman: Totally the cloud follow ups, exactly, 11-12 years.Martin: Great. And how did you come up with the idea of GoodData?Roman: The GoodData idea is actually my initial idea 20-years ago when I started my career. I actually spent time in the database business, I worked for Sybase and seven years ago, when I started, I looked at what the next opportunity would be. I kind of came up with this idea of kind of data in the cloud and as a next big thing. And it was so early, the term big data was not coined then, and even the fact I was able to buy gooddata.com, data was not in fashion in 2007 when I actually started the company.BUSINESS MODEL OF GOODDATAMartin: And can you briefly describe how the business model works at GoodData?Roman: The business model is a SaaS model, so we dont Its a subscription based model. As I said, we help companies to manage their data and GoodData is an end-to-end platform. So, we do every single step from getting the data to getting the finished visualization and so for th and so on, and we charge monthly fee for it and thats kind of the most predictable and the most efficient way how companies can buy analytics these days.Martin: Ok. And are you focusing on a specific kind of function in a company, like marketing, sales, funds, whatever, or is it that you are a general platform for everything related to data?Roman: It is actually, on one hand Gooddata is generic platform, so it can be used by IT and different parts of organization. But if you look at whats happening at modern enterprise, only 5-7 years ago most of the data was created inside of the firewall, in some ERP function in some SAP and so on, and thats where most analytics used to be. Now, the analytics is all focused on external, the touch points with customers, how do we interact with our customers and prospects and partners on the web, on social and mobile and so on. So, most of the data is actually created outside of the firewall and thats why we analyze it in the cloud, and the next step would be, kind of the internet of things when 99% of data will be created outside of the firewall. Now we analyze the interactions of our customers data, in couple years we will be analyzing interactions with devices of our customers. And thats kind of the next evolution of big data.Martin: How did you acquire the first customers when you started out?Roman: How did we acquire customers Its interesting If you look at being entrepreneur, your first customer is almost like your VC. They almost get no benefit out of it, not even equity, and so the first customer needs to be somebody who really trusts you, who actually is so visionary that he wants to do better than just follow company. They want to help the whole industry, because its a lot of reward, working with a product thats half build, half backed, not ready, its actually a lot of work and even if you get it for free, its still difficult.Martin: How do you convince those guys?Roman: Again, its they need to be visionary, you d ont need to convince them, they almost need to convince you. The first customer needs to be who says Im looking for is to increase the competitiveness of my company. Im really into it. It really needs to be almost like a co-founder.Martin: Okay, great!CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Lets talk about corporate strategies. What do you think is the distinction between you and your competitors?Roman: What really makes us set apart is, first of all, we really have this vision for solving the problem completely. Most companies, if you ask them What do you do?, they say We do: how we do visualization or we do data cleansing, or some of the aspects of data measurement, and we essentially do the whole end-to-end from data to insights.Martin: Ok, great. If youre looking at your product strategy for the next 3-5 years, what are the areas you would like to dig into?Roman: The next 3-5 years its going to be a lot about the volume of data, internet of things, unstructured data, more and more data is now being introduced by the way we interact, the visual and social and so on. Its also going to be about being able to find insights automatically, machine learning and so on. And the last one is ability to benchmark data automatically. If I tell you that you can close a deal in 20 days, its valuable, but if I tell you that your competitors close deals in 10 days, you know that youre not doing well. So, being able to kind of put data in perspective is going to be more and more important.Martin: When you look at the marketplace, there are several big data startups who are just trying to solve one problem and one industry, like, for example, for the finance industry and banking etc., there are several startups. And youre trying to solve this kind of big data problem for lot of functions, for lot of industries. What is the reason behind doing that? Would it be more adventurous for focusing only on one industry and solving their problems much better?Roman: I see that this is kind of, as I said, on one hand we are generic platform, but we really focus on sales and marketing executive. Thats where the most of the customer interaction actually is. And at the same time, kind of the cloud based platform that is open and has APIs and so on. We actually let our customers to decide and take us where they want to take us.Martin: Ok, great.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: If you look at the market in general, what is the perspective on the major trends happening right now in the cloud industry?Roman: The cloud industry, first of all, big players are really investing heavily. This city was full of Oracle in the last couple days and Oracle is saying well yes, its not only Google and AWS, its also Oracle, Microsoft is big in the cloud and so on. Its really kind of industry that is maturing very fast and its being kind of endorsed by major players. In five years, we will not see the traditional IT organization as we see today. Its going to all move to the cloud and the CIO will not stand for informational infrastructure, it will actually be innovation.Martin: OK. And do you also see some kind of external certification companies, lets say certifying security, or data related kind of concerns?Roman: Oh, its already happening, obviously, the security and privacy. We actually, big part of it we are kicking off of data privacy initiative. But there are many organizations that do it.Martin: OK, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM ROMAN STANEKMartin: You started several companies, Roman. What advice would you give your son if he would ask you Should I start a company and how should I do it?Roman: I would say, at the end of the day, being entrepreneur its, you have to really work hard, its all about being all-in in what you do and being extremely paranoid every time you have a good idea, you have to always assume that there will be 10 people who actually do the same. At the same time, you have to assume a lot of risk. Because you do something that nobody has done before you . So, its kind of that combination of being able to be all-in into an area or initiative that nobody believes in, thats kind of combination thats difficult for many people. Some people like to work hard, but they would not take the risk. Some people to take the risk but they are not willing to work hard. And you have to do both.Martin: What advice can you give somebody who says I want to start a company but I dont have an idea?Roman: Go and get a job and see where there are problems. That’s how many large companies started, by somebody saying I worked for this large company, I was kind of disappointed by this missing piece of the process so I clearly saw there is something missing and I went and automated it. I think thats the safest way how to start a company, its to actually spot a problem in somebodys payroll.Martin: And what other advice could you give your son?Roman: For my son, for my son its all about spend a little time in school, learning not only how to play at computers , but how to read and how to develop some critical thinking, how to be creative and so on. Because this century is going to be all about creativity and critical thinking, its going to be century when flexible and adventurous and creative people will actually win.Martin: Roman, thank you very much for your time.Roman: Excellent, thank you.Martin: And for you thinking about starting a company, next time you try to assess an idea, be critical about it. Thank you very much.

How Latin Musicians Have Influenced The Global Sound of Music

Tito Puente, the Jazz musician, composer, arranger and cultural icon, is known, variously as â€Å"king of timbales and mambo†, â€Å"sultan of salsa†, and most famously as El Ray - the King - of Latin Music. His Latin identity is often emphasized in a way that is somewhat unusual for Jazz musicians. Indeed, Ella Fitzgerald, or more recently, Diana Krall, do not have their cultural backgrounds so heavily stressed. Perhaps the emphasis on culture stems from the fact that Puente is Latin Music’s most prominent Jazz musician. â€Å"Perhaps it stems from more complex issues of nationalism and music culture, as Steven Loza suggests in his fascinating study, Tito Puente and the Making of Latin Music. Nevertheless, a close look at Puente’s background,†¦show more content†¦Navy during World War II. During his service, he played in a band led by swing bandleader, Charlie Barnet. Following the war, he studied at the Juilliard School of Music on the G.I. Bi ll, and then started his own group, the Picadilly Boys, in New York. The Picadilly Boys, consisting of Puente, Machito, and Perez Prado, eventually came to be known as the Tito Puente Orchestra. Puente and his Orchestra performed at the Palladium and the Village Gates Salsa Meets Jazz series in the 1950s, where Puente earned his nickname â€Å"King of Mambo†. In the 1960s, Puente hosted the television program El Mundo de Tito Puente, and continued creating music, pairing up with vocalists Celia Cruz and La Lupe. During the 1968 Puerto Rican Day parade, Tito acted as grand marshal. He would continue the tradition for the next thirty years. In the 1970s, Latin Jazz and blues were united in many compositions, creating a new style of playing. It was during this decade as well that Puente’s influence on this new style made singers like Santana famous. Santana and Puente quarreled seriously when Santana sang a version of Puente’s Oye Como Va, for which Puenteâ⠂¬â„¢s initially did not receive royalties. In the 1970s, too, the salsa that Puente’s combination of African, Cuban, and Jazz music helped to bring about, gained wider popularity than even jazz mambo. Although Puente was key in ushering in the conditions, which allowed salsa to flourish, he hated the term and always preferred the termShow MoreRelatedViva Raperos: How Music Can Interact With Politics Essay1971 Words   |  8 Pagespassion in multitudes of ways for as long as humans have possessed communication skills. Through art, science, literature, music and even politics humans have showcased passion. Passion can be either supportive or oppositional. Music has been the greatest medium for humans to express passion, due to the great range of emotions that can be realized through song. Due to the high level of passion felt in both music and politics, politically-themed music has become a marriage made in heaven. ThereRead MoreMusic And Culture Of Los Angeles2131 Words   |  9 Pagestwenty-first century, popular music and culture became significant influences on the lives of many individuals within the city of Los Angeles. East Los Angeles (â€Å"East L.A.† or â€Å"the Eastside†), in particular, was a center of flourishing musical, cultural, and social scenes with strong connections to the changing Chicano/a identity. Under this environment in which the Chicano movement (moviemiento) continued to prevail, a large number of socially aware and politically active, Latin-fusion â€Å"Chicano† bandsRead MoreCumbia in Mexican Culture Essay1955 Words   |  8 Pagesprotest as Colombia was contesting for its independence. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writingRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages................................................. 36 Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 IV. Arts (Fine Arts, Music, Film, Theatre, and Dance) ............................................................ 38 Music..................................................................................................................................... 38 Music (Acoustic) ................................................................................................................... 39

The Tragedy Of Macbeth And Macbeth - 1510 Words

Shakespeare is one of the most famous authors in the history of old and modern english texts. While living through the 1500s-1600s, and having very little knowledge of psychological issues, Shakespeare portrayed mental illnesses in Macbeth fairly accurately. The characters in the tragedy of Macbeth show many characteristics and warning signs of mental disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia and depression. Since there is scarce evidence of medical testing and research with the mind during the 1500s and 1600s, Shakespeare most likely didn’t understand that the way he portrayed the character’s actions are characteristics for certain diagnosed mental disorders. The history of mental illness and disorders plays a†¦show more content†¦Do breed unnatural troubles; infected minds, To their deaf pillows, will discharge their secrets. More needs she the divine than the physician.† The doctor is referring to her having a mental illnes s, which can now be defined as depression and post traumatic stress disorder. Depression causes the loss of motivation to do simple tasks in life and can lead to suicide (Mental Health America). Shakespeare accurately portrayed the depression in Act V with Lady Macbeth sleepwalking and talking in her sleep. Shakespeare also included the idea of depression in his work Othello, drawing a parallel to the knowledge he has about depression. Macbeth was also described as having depression directly after the murder of Banquo. â€Å"I am in blood, Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o er. (Act III, Scene IV, Line 139).† Macbeth is hurting after what he has done, and his feelings on the matter have been reassured after he sees the apparitions at the dinner. 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Learning and Development Free Essays

Introduction With globalization and modernization, education has become a universal right for all, atleast, at the basic level.   This has seen many students traversing from country to country in pursuit of education.   The introduction of distance learning, technologically mediated learning as well as online courses have made it possible for students from different parts of the world to share classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The fact that the teachers largely remain stationed in same countries and are rarely involved in the exchange programs means that teachers are continually under the pressure to instruct students from diverse cultures all with varied English proficiency.   Of significance to the teachers is the fact that despite the different proficiency levels of the students in a single classroom, the teachers are expected to effectively teach the students.   This has seen the rise of integrated classes whereby learners whose English is not their first language are integrated in the same classrooms as their native English speaking students. Teachers are faced with stumbling blocks and numerous challenges in teaching integrated students.   Of all challenges for teachers is the need to provide a free learning environment in which the students can learn without the fear of being incompetent in the English language.   The presence of fear in the students who are not proficient in the English language can reduce the ability of the learners something which can make otherwise intelligent students to perform dismally academically.   To overcome such barriers, teachers can use the following strategies.   According to (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, 1994) there are several research-based strategies to overcome learning barriers for emergent language learners as well as limited English proficient learners. Therefore for optimal learning to take place the following research based strategies are important for English language learning.   Use of music and jazz chant activities, use of repeat and rephrase approach, use of cooperative groups and peer coaching, use of visual learning aids such as realia, maps, pictures and the multimedia.   Finally pre-instruction activities such as semantic webbing, graphic organizers and KWL charts are all equally important for teachers who are keen on ensuring that English learning benefits all learners inspite of their English proficiency levels. According to (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, 1994) pre-instruction activities are important to English language learning in that they level the playing ground for students who have different English proficiency levels.   In a research carried out by (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, 1994) on 15 students with varied English proficiency 80% of the emergent language learners observed that they had significantly benefited from the use of pre-instruction activities such as semantic webbing, graphic organizers and KWL charts.   75% of the students with limited English proficiency recorded satisfaction from the use of pre-instruction activities while 40% of native English speaking students noted that pre-instruction activities played an important role in learning.   The study overwhelming supports the use of the pre-instruction activities as a research based English language learning strategy for integrated classes. Teaching Math can be challenging even in class whereby all students are native English speakers.   It even becomes hard to teach Math in an integrated class in which English presents a communication barrier.   In a class of 30 students whereby only half of students are English speakers with a quarter of the learners being emergent and a further quarter of the class having English proficiency of between Basic Interpersonal Communication (BIC) and Cognitive Academic Language (CALP) presents numerous challenges.   The solution to the above is the application of the research-based strategies such as pre-instruction activities.   This calls for the teacher to prepare in advance semantic webbing with Math concept for students to learn regardless of their English speaking abilities. According to (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, 1994) the use of semantic webbing greatly increases the ability of the students to grasp Math concepts and formulae.   Graphic organizers are also very effective in teaching some Math concepts especially on geometry and algebra topics.   Visual aids such as realia, maps, pictures and multimedia are important in teaching integrated classes.   As (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, 1994) notes, visual aids are important in that they increase the attention span of learners, they simplify complex and abstract concepts as well as the fact that visual aids lead to efficiency in the synthesis of complex concepts especially in Math class.   Visual aids have been particularly important and effective for introduction of new topics in integrated classes whereby students face challenges due to increased anxiety, fear and tension (Bowman, McCormick, 2000). Use of visual aids calls for carefulness so that the visual aids are not as ambiguous and therefore become a source of obstruction.   Visual aids also are advantageous in that they can depict a lot of information at once, which is not possible while using the traditional lecture methods, and are not expensive and are easy to use (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, 1994). Cooperative groups as well as peer coaching are research-based strategies which involve students forming discussion groups in which they discuss hard topics and concepts during their free time or in the class with the supervision of teachers.   Cooperative groups have been found to be very effective in overcoming fear amongst learners and therefore aiding learning (Bowman McCormick, 2000).   Cooperative groups are important when there is a shortage of staff in that teachers can oversee the learning over a big group of students. Usually students are able to understand their peers with learning difficulties than teachers and therefore they are able to assist them and overcome the learning difficulties.   According to (Bowman, McCormick, 2000) cooperative groups presents the teachers with an opportunity to easily assess several outcomes in students such as critical thinking, level as well as communication skills and commitment to learning (Bowman, McCormick, 2000). Cooperative groups are particularly useful in teaching Math which many students have problems because peer assessment is more welcome by students than teacher assessment and is easily acceptable since it reduces chances of teacher bias (Bowman, McCormick, 2000).  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to (Bowman, McCormick, 2000) peer coaching as a research based teaching strategy is effective because it allows for a degree of confidentiality whereby students are not afraid to make mistakes.   The expected learning outcome of using cooperative strategy in the classroom is that, learners increase in their capability to grasp hard concepts (Bowman, McCormick, 2000). In addition, the approach is non-evaluative which is important to students given the fact that students fear evaluations and assessments.   Repeat and rephrase has been found to highly increase the retention ability of students (McHugh, Catherine Kevin, 1997).   This is very important for students who are supposed to retain introductory concepts as these develop as the students’ progress to next levels. Therefore, repeat and rephrase are important to an integrated class whereby students whose English proficiency prevents them from progressing at the same level with native English speakers. Music and Jazz chant activities have found to reduce stress levels in learners as well as creating a soothing effect (McHugh, Catherine Kevin, 1997).   Therefore, incorporating music and Jazz chants in a class especially in a Math class can improve learning in that it creates a good environment for learning. The expected learning outcome of using cooperative strategy in the classroom is that, learners increase in their attention span (McHugh, Catherine Kevin, 1997). Conclusion Research based strategies are a must use for teachers of integrated classes. In order to ensure that, the environment for all students is ideal in spite of their English proficiency levels, teachers must constantly identify challenges and obstacles to learning so as to overcome all the challenges associated with English language learning environment. It is also important that, teachers choose wisely the suitable strategies to teaching integrated learners as not all approaches are suitable for every subject. Reference Bowman, C., and McCormick, S. (2000).   Comparison of Peer Coaching versus Traditional Supervision effects.   The Journal of educational Research 93 (4). Johnson, D., Johnson, R. and Holubec, E., (1994).   The nuts and bolts of corporative learning. Edina MN: Interaction Book Company. McHugh, Catherine, E., Kevin, W. 1997.   Using technology to promote student learning:   Opportunities for Today and Tomorrow. Jossey- Publishers. How to cite Learning and Development, Essay examples

Changes in Boundary Layer Profile for Load Speed - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theChanges in Boundary Layer Profile for Load Speed. Answer: The pitot 2 probe works through the principle of Bernoullis effects, which states that the stagnation pressure will be the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure. At any particular pint in the pitot 2 probe, the pressure measured is equal to the static pressure of the fluid plus the dynamic pressure (Day, 2009). Therefore any pressure measures will be equal to the total pressure at that point. In terms of operation, the pitot 2 probe gives the total pressure and the static pressure values, while the pitot 1 probe gives the static pressure and the dynamic pressure values. Error in measurement of the static pressure is one of the key errors which are likely to occur when measuring the dynamic pressure within the boundary layer. This will lead to unclear static pressure and therefore the error will be transferred to the dynamic pressure values. In ability to place the static ports well are key to generating the errors in the static pressure value. And since this pressure is used to generate and calculate the dynamic pressure in the boundary layer, the occurrence of error on dynamic pressure is likely to occur (Stull, 2009). In addition, incompressible airspeed is another key source of error which will be translating of an error in the dynamic pressure. The aerodynamic load speed and the equivalent speed are almost the same and this result to difficult in measurement of the dynamic speed at the boundary layer. Human error and systems errors are key errors which are likely to be experienced in the process. The total pressure increases as the distance from the plate increases. As the distance from the plates increases, there are more molecules which are accommodated and the increase in collision is experienced (Schetz Bowersox, 2012). This leads to an increase in the total pressure from the increased collision of molecules and particles. The speed increase as well due to the increase on space of movement of the molecules is able to generate additional forces of collisions and therefore increasing the total pressure. The velocity profile is able to increase as distance from the leading edge is increased. The drag force reduces and this frees the molecules and therefore making them to move at a faster rate. The increased movements of the molecules are responsible to the reduction of the drag force. This enhances their movement and increased velocity profile. The frictional drag force reduction from the surface of the plate makes the molecules and particles free and therefore making them to increase the velocity profile. The thickness of the boundary layer as well increases. The increase in speed of the molecules makes them move further from the surface of the plate. The boundary layer grows as the distance between increases (Vila?-Guerau et al., 2015). Free movement of particles is responsible for the increase of this layer. Blunt and rough leading edges of a smooth plate are able to lead to a thicker boundary layer. On the other hand, sharp and streamlines smooth leading edges are able to lead to a thinner profile (Weyburne, 2006). The shape results from the interactions which the fluid is able to face when it interacts with the object at the leading edge level. When using a smooth plate with a sharp leading edge provides a steady flow of the fluid and therefore creating a laminar flow of the liquid. The flat plate and sharp edge are able to ensure that constant boundary layer profile is created. Since the flow is not interrupted at the initial stage, this is due to the sharp edge; the creation of the boundary profile is unlikely to change much. The boundary level at this level will be standard and unlike to change. Since the flow does not meet any obstruction at the edge part, the boundary layer is formed from that scene (Weyburne, 2014). This plate creates a laminar flow profile, and therefore a laminar profile of the boundary is created. The blunt leading edge can obstruct the flow of the fluid and therefore affect the smooth flow. The blunt edge can make a turbulent flow of the liquid and thus create a turbulent boundary profile on this section. After the turbulent flow created, the boundary layer profile is at its maximum stage (Oke, 2015). The decrease of the mass flow with the smooth plate is able to lead to a decreasing boundary profile at this stage. The smooth plate changes the flow from the turbulent flow which is created by the leading edge. The blunt leading edge creates the profile at the initial phase of the profile, and then the decreasing factor is produced by the decreasing flow rate. More importantly, the profile will be streamlined after the blunt edge since the plate is smooth. References Daly, K. (11 June 2009). "Air Caraibes Atlantique memo details pitot icing incidents". Flight International. Oke, T. R. (2015). Boundary layer climates. Place of publication not identified: Routledge. Schetz, J. A., Bowersox, R. D. W. (2012). Boundary layer analysis. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Stull, R. B. (2009). An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. New York: Springer. Vila?-Guerau, . A. J., Heerwaarden, C. C., Stratum, B. J. H., Dries, K. . (2015). Atmospheric boundary layer: Integrating air chemistry and land interactions. New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. Weyburne, D. (2006). "A mathematical description of the fluid boundary layer," Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 175, pp.16751684 Weyburne, D.(2014). "New thickness and shape parameters for the boundary layer velocity profile," Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 54, pp.2228

Battleground Review Essay Research Paper Critical Review free essay sample

Battleground Review Essay, Research Paper Critical Review of Battleground In Battleground, Stephen Bates narrates the history of a tribunal instance in a little Tennessee town. The tribunal instance started with a female parent assisting her kid with a reading assignment. This female parent could non believe what she was reading. This female parent # 8217 ; s name was Vicki Frost, who was a place keeper. Frost went to the school and told the principal what she thought about the books. She believed that the books went against everything she taught her kids. She believed Satan wrote these books. She took her kids out of category during reading clip, from that point on. When the school told her that her kids would neglect if they didn # 8217 ; t go to category, Frost was astounded. After many conflicts with the local school, she took her instance to tribunal. The school said the books were appropriate for the kids to read, and if parents did non hold they could reassign their kids to another school. We will write a custom essay sample on Battleground Review Essay Research Paper Critical Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both sides had different organisations endorsing them. The instance gained national attending. The federal tribunal sided with the school territory in the terminal, but Vicki Frost did raise attending on how textbooks are chosen for our public schools. The book by Stephen Bates brings up a really controversial issue, should parents be able to command what their kids read in public schools. Bates does non knock either side during this book. Bates does a good occupation narrating the book giving good inside informations and allowing the reader make his/her ain determination. Vicki Frost is a parent who does non desire her childs reading books that contradict her households beliefs. Frost did the right thing by turn toing the school about this job. I could non make up ones mind which side I agree with while reading the book. Both sides made good statements against each other. Work forces who believed in God founded this state. # 8220 ; IN God WE Trust # 8221 ; is on federal belongings that we use mundane, but the school system sometimes learn something different. I agree with Frost that parents should command what public schools teach their kids. Parents pay revenue enhancements, which fund public schools and pay instructors wages. But public schools can non hold different categories for different faiths groups either. The Holts Books are like many other books ; people get different apprehensions of the books. Peoples think different, so people will interpret the significance of books otherwise. I besides have to hold with the school territory every bit good. Hawkins County has spent a batch of money on their educational system, and some lady with no college background is oppugning the system. I believe the school territory did non cognize what to believe of the state of affairs at first, but when a female parent starts drawing her kids out of category, # 8220 ; what can they make? # 8221 ; This would non be just if the school territory let the Frost kids skip category and still acquire recognition for the category. The school territory tal ked to Frost about everyday about the state of affairs. Neither side would alter their head during this clip. I believe that the suspension was a small extreme. I didn # 8217 ; Ts like how the school board handled the instance. The board did non desire a lady with no college instruction, to oppugn their opinion. The board should hold tried to work out this job with Mrs. Frost before it gained national attending. Mrs. Frost would non hold been satisfied with any of their suggestions, but they should hold treated her with a small regard. Bates references the New England Primer, which was the first widely, used text editions in America. The New England Primer used narratives from the Bible and about morality. But the separation of the Church and State put an terminal to this book. If public schools can non learn Christian values, they should non learn any other spiritual values. This was what Frost was seeking to do people understand. Her kids were reading narratives about Indians, Jews, Hindus, and other civilizations, but they could non larn about their ain civilization except at place or church. I believe the parents should learn their kids their ain values and beliefs at place. If kids read narratives about other kids rip offing, lying, stealing, or other unmoral things the kids should cognize the difference in right and incorrect. If the books teach inmoral principals and say that it is right, so this is where the books should be banned from public schools. It is unjust to a Christian kid to larn about other faiths in school, when he/she can non larn about their faith. This is what the federal system is seeking decide in the Frost instance. The Battleground brings out a really controversial issue. Should public school have the books approved by the parents and if parents don # 8217 ; t agree, should their kids be excused from the category. I truly wear # 8217 ; t cognize what side I truly agree with, because both sides have truly strong statements in their favour. I agree with public school can non learn about faith because of the 1st Amendment. The 1st Amendment provinces that faith should play no function in anything that is province supported. I besides believe that Christianity every bit good as other faith should hold no topographic point in public schools, unless it is student lead. My ground for this is that so many people have their ain beliefs, that if one faith is taught, the school is know aparting against the other faiths. I believe those good ethical motives and values should be taught at place, but they should non be taught at school. I believe that instructors should pattern utilizing good moral and val ues around pupils. This subject will ever be a controversial issue, because there is truly no right or incorrect to the Frost instance. If parents want their kids to acquire a good Christian instruction, their kids will hold to be place schooled or sent to a Christian school. I wish this wasn # 8217 ; t the instance, but of the 1st Amendment it must be this manner. Bibliography Work Cited Hrezo, Margaret. The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Dec. 1990. Pg. 450 ( 1 ) Levinson, Sanford. Michigan Law Review. May 1994. Pgs. 1873-1892.

World Population Growth essays

World Population Growth essays In October, 2011, the worlds population had reached another milestone, 70 billion people. The worlds population has doubled and tripled throughout the years. According to the United Nations, the worlds population is most likely to reach 100 billion by 2083. One of the reasons for the rapid population growth is technological development. If you look into charts that show how world population changes throughout time, you will clearly discover a rapid growth after every significant event in development, such as the Industrial Revolution. Every time we make another major improvement in technology, we push environmental capacity to another limit. We mined, farmed, built power plants and so on to make the earth more suitable for us to inhabit, which in turn leads to population growth. Another reason for population growth lays in improvement in health care. People live longer and longer these days. Back in 20th century, the worlds average life expectancy was about 30 years old and now, after only 100 years, we have doubled that number. The worlds average life expectancy in 2012 is 68 years old, and in some countries, like Japan, people are even expected to live over 80. With improvement in medicine and health care, we reduced the death rate dramatically, which has no doubt contributed to the population growth. With people living longer, we are facing another problem, population aging. Take my country, Taiwan as an example. According to Taiwans Council for Economic Planning and Development, Taiwans aging index is 76.8% (population age over 65 divided by population age under 15) in 2012, making it one of the worlds fastest ageing countries. As a result, my country is now suffering from lack of labor, shortage of health care resources, and more. This situation is commonly seen all over the world, mostly in developed countries. And it seems that the developing countries in different areas ...

Service Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Service Marketing - Essay Example Further, it has been observed that the annual sales of Apple have gone above the figure of $4,406 that does not take into account the online sales. These sales are much higher than the sales of jeweler Tiffany & Co. and therefore depict Apple’s success. Amongst its many operations, the back-end and front-end included, Apple believes in being spotless in every move so as to achieve success (Banker, 2011). With that in mind, Apple keeps a critical eye on the demands of its products. Comparing its operations with its rivals such as Best Buy, it has been observed that Apple has adopted a rather technical approach in the arena of service encounters and its related areas. It sells one brand that has comprehensible positioning, fewer products, and stores in hundreds as compared to the 4000 of Best Buy. The company believes that employees need to handle pressure to perform better customer service. However, with its increasing retail outlets, many of its employees have stated that the quality of its staff has been on a decline (Banker, 2011). Where it comes to meeting customer needs, from the design of the store to the post purchase behavior, every aspect has been responded creatively by Apple. Dividing its customers into various segments, Apple encounters some customers that are well aware of what they want. This segment immediately finds out the intended product they want to purchase, and pays for it. With the fast product selling process described earlier on one hand, the other hand has a group of customers who take it slow. More specifically, these customers browse and play with the products to decide their requirement. In order to tackle such a vast market, Apple therefore, follows a service design approach that consists of a floor plan and a genius bar that handles customer queries and gives them advice. Other than that, the design also consists of a check-out system for speedy service. For the layout of the outlet, an airy approach to associate to every ne ed of the customer is followed. It is therefore the creativity and innovation in service encounters that sets Apple apart from its competitors. This is so because if the customer experience is low, the overall perception of the brand is also reduced (Ofir et. al, 2008). 3. Analysis of managerial implications Analyzing it implication on the managerial roles, surveillance is one of the key tools needed. More specifically, with surveillance being constant in nature, the role of the managers must also be to continuously prepare for cost control preparations for the new product and market. The managerial roles must consider a need to identify low costs of the inputs and outputs in improvement measures. Other than that, the costs are also related to innovation, technology, and information. Moving further on the implication factor, it has been observed that with the new markets, new tools for maximizing incomes must be considered. In this scenario, both markets that are the fresh market an d the processed market, must be brought into the picture whilst the assessment. Moreover, buyer expectations in every situation need to be continuously monitored when alternatives are considered. To understand the cultivar selection and significance of the quality of the product is an important aspect in the discussion for managerial implications. It is important to understand that commitments to quality might be easier to change than the selection preferences. Where many customers consider service as a criterion before purchasing a product, adding  delivery, commitment by the supplier, the packaging, specification bonding, and quality with service would be able to win even those customers who prefer other  things. The overall package provided will therefore be able to win the company loyal

Business acquisitions are among the most important strategic Essay

Business acquisitions are among the most important strategic investment decisions - Essay Example The location of businesses in other countries, either in the form of greenfield FDIs, crossborder M&As or other forms of direct investment, entails a set of challenges and risks which impact on the business that seeks to gain entry into another country. One of this is the risk associated with currency exchange rates, which will be discussed in the succeeding section of this report. At this point, more attention shall be devoted to discussing the other sources of organisation risk. Economic nationalism. In a report by the Economist Intelligence Unite (Chance, 2006), certain events the author chose to call â€Å"backlash† after decades of liberalisation and openness to FEI and crossborder M&As (more pronounced against M&As). Recent resurgence in protectionism against FDIs and M&As, for instance, is seen in the attempt to block the acquisition by Lenovo (China) of the personal computer (PC) division of IBM (US), and the takeover bid by Mittal Steel (Netherlands) for Arcelor (Luxembourg). Both of these deals, despite the attempts to prevent them, were consummated. Some deals, however, failed because they were successfully blocked by the local elements: CNOOC (China) of Unocal (US); Dubai Ports World of P&O Steam Navigation Company (UK), and Pepsi (US) of Danone (France). Behind some of these cases is the negative sentiment with which developed countries perceive takeover bids by companies in emerging markets, because of the impression (not necessarily just ified) that these less-developed countries were more prone to undesirable behaviour such as poor standards of governance and less socially responsible behaviour. The shock of seeing Chinese and Asian companies, for instance, take control of prominent brand names, acquire technology, or securing natural resources has prompted a German politician to compare such investors to â€Å"the biblical plague of locusts† (Chance,

Evaluation and the use of concept mapping

Evaluation and the use of concept mapping A concept is a thought, notion, or an abstract idea developed from a situation or particular instance experienced by the learner. Concept mapping consists of diagrams that represent an organized visualization of a concept and its associations or explanations (Novak Gowin, 1984). The use of concept mapping as an educational tool is well established through many branches of learning, including nursing (Schanze Grà ¼b-Niehaus, 2008; MacNeil, 2007; Trochim, 2009). Knowledge derived from the nursing process flows remarkably well into the overall design of a concept map. Although similar to other types of knowledge mapping, concept mapping provides a unique structure to gather major concepts together with direct linkages that can be easily visualized and readily examined. Properly prepared concept mapping will allow the learner to venture into all the learning domains, including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor; as well as allow the educator to move from a teacher-centered learning environment to one that is learner-centered. Concept mapping is designed to promote meaningful learning by the student, and allow for an effective formative or summative evaluation method by the educator. As the map is designed, the learner can incorporate new knowledge and reject inaccurate concepts and ideas. The map can also refine knowledge with examples or events, and allow for learning rather than route memorization. For the educator, the concept map can demonstrate the depth of the learners knowledge, and visually depict what the educator must emphasize to complete the learning process. The educator can also rapidly develop further learning opportunities through critical thinking exercises employing proposed changes to existing concept maps. Concept Mapping Theory Concept mapping was developed in 1972 as part of an effort at Cornell University to study the ability of young children to obtain basic scientific concepts. The design was the result of research into the cognitive psychology of learning and the constructivist epistemology. Based on Ausubels theory of learning, concept mapping attempts to emphasize the difference between rote learning and meaningful learning (Novak Caà ±as, 2006). Rote learning occurs when new information is added to the learners prior knowledge framework in a random and verbatim fashion. Thus, there is little permanent structure and the new information is rapidly forgotten. In meaningful learning, the new information is linked to the learners prior knowledge framework in a conscious and purposeful manner, thus producing a stable structure and substantial change in the way the learner experiences learning, in other words a conceptual change (National Institute for Science Educations College Level One Team, Universit y of Wisconsin, n.d.). This relationship is shown in Figure 1. Further studies and collaboration on concept mapping use and design, including work at the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC) in Florida, led to integration of concept mapping with software tools and enabled rapid application of the concept mapping framework to numerous disciplines. Concept Mapping Design In concept mapping, graphical representations are arranged in two predominant manners. First, in the hierarchical fashion, the main topic or question is displayed at the top of the diagram, with inclusive and general concepts near the top and specific, less general concepts arranged in a progressively downward pattern (see Figure 2). The other most common concept map design is in a circular fashion, known as the spider method, with the core topic or idea in the center immediately surrounded by inclusive and general concepts, becoming less specific and more general the further from the core (see Figure 3). Other less common concept mapping methods include the flow path method, where concepts are linked together in a progressively linear fashion to represent a final concept, and the systems method, where input and output concepts are related to the central concept in a production-line style of visualization. Still other methods of concept mapping may be developed to reflect the learners or the educators vision of representation. Typically, concepts are enclosed in boxes, circles, or other geometric shapes with the relationships identified by connecting lines. There are descriptors on the connecting lines that specify the nature of the relationships. Concepts may also be cross-linked to show relationships between domains of knowledge or concepts located in different areas of the map (Caà ±as, 2003). Examples, events, or possible solutions can also be included, although these may not be boxed or circled, and the connecting lines can be dashed or dotted to represent an unsubstantiated relationship. Concept Mapping Construction Many methods can be used to construct a concept map. In general, the process will begin as follows: identify a question related to a process or problem; identify the key concepts of the process or problem; rank these concepts in order by identifying the most descriptive and broadest concept then narrowing the descriptions until the most specific concept is listed last; connect the concepts by links, using notations to represent the relationship between the concepts and enable meaning to the linkage; provide examples, including social, personal, and professional examples to clarify the concept or the relationship between concepts; and then continue to link, add examples, and promote the relationships. Some constructors may find it useful to perform this design using post-it notes or index cards, and arranging their ideas on a table or white board to allow for ease of concept ranking, as well the ability to provide easy changes of relationships and rapid visualization of data. The novi ce and expert alike may also use various shapes and colors to designate concepts and subconcepts to make the map clearer. Concept Mapping Software Although concept mapping may be performed with pen, paper, and other non-electronic methods, there are a number of software programs that can be used to provide a variety of concept maps with ranges of detail. In addition to using traditional word-processing programs such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Corel WordPerfect or Corel Draw to construct concept maps, specific concept mapping software has been developed. The IHMC, a coalition of Florida universities, has developed Cmap Tools, a robust concept map developer that is free for use (IHMC, 2009). This software also includes a search feature that allows the user to search a wide variety of public Cmap databases for sample concept maps. Other software programs that are specific to concept map construction includes Axon Idea Processor, 3D Topicscape, Inspiration, MindGenious, MindMapper, MindView, Semantica, SmartDraw, Spinscape, and Tinderbox. Several of these software packages are available in multiple programming formats, in addition to several languages, and are free for download. Concept Mapping Example As an example to demonstrate concept-mapping construction, a learner is assigned to research the disease process sepsis, and make a presentation to the class. The learner studies several peer reviewed journal articles (DellaCroce, 2009; Nelson, LeMaster, Plast, Zahner, 2009; Steen, 2009) to obtain the latest information on the disease process, and decides to develop a concept map to explain the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and treatments for sepsis. The learner develops a table to highlight the ideas that will be outlined on the concept map (see Table 1). Finally, using the CmapTools Knowledge Modeling Kit, Version 5.03, the learner prepares the concept map (see Figure 4). Preparation for Developing a Concept Map Steps Responses 1. Identify a question related to a process or problem What is sepsis? How is it diagnosed? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it treated? 2. Identify the key concepts of the process or problem Invading Microorganism, Sepsis, Inflammatory Response, Organ Failure, Systemic Inflammatory Response, Septic Shock, Treatments, Risk Factors, Infection, Death 3. Rank these concepts in order by identifying the most descriptive and broadest concept, then narrowing the descriptions until the most specific concept is listed last Rank 1) Invading Microorganism 2) Infection 3) Inflammatory Response 4) Systemic Inflammatory Response 5) Sepsis 6) Septic Shock, Severe Sepsis 7) Organ Failure 8) Treatment, Risk Factors, Diagnostic Tests 9) Death 4. Connect the concepts by links, using notations to represent the relationship between the concepts and enable meaning to the linkage Links are Pathophysiology, Leads To, Plus, Can Lead To, Organ Failure 5. Provide examples, including social, personal, and professional examples to clarify the concept or the relationship between concepts Vital Signs, Signs of Organ Failure, Criteria for Determining Sepsis Table 1: Preparation for Developing a Concept Map Concept Mapping Advantages Concept maps provide several advantages over other methods of instruction and evaluation. Concept maps can provide the learners access to a â€Å"big picture† view of the topic of interest, allowing the student to advance to conceptual understanding rather than simple memorization or rote learning. This in turn can provide the student the bases for critical thinking. Concept maps are also easy to construct. Concept maps can also be used as both an instructional strategy for the educator or a learning activity for the learner. As a learning activity, the student can acquire the desired knowledge, performance, and behaviors specified by the curriculum (Caputi Blach, 2008). In situations such as developing continuing education opportunities for existing nursing staff, the use of concept mapping can aid in learning new content through visualization, as many staff prefer visual or kinesthetic learning (Nursing Times, 2009). In cases where students need a platform to reduce anxiety generated prior to testing due to a lack of surety on whether the critical aspects of a clinical lesson were studied, the use of concepts maps can help students organize data, determine complex relationships between patient data and disease processes, and provide the student with an overall picture of the care provided to their patient (Hsu, 2004). Concept Mapping Disadvantages Although concept mapping has many advantages, some disadvantages exist. The wide variety of possible concept map designs can lead to additional evaluation time by the educator as students use different construction techniques. Grading of the differing concept maps may also lead to difficulties unless the educator uses strict grading criteria, such as a detailed assignment rubric. The use of concept mapping may also require a paradigm shift by learners used to only the memorization method of learning. This can sometimes cause difficulty as the learner transitions to the new method of learning. Concept Mapping Use in Learning Domains The cognitive domain includes knowledge and skill development. As cognitive learning occurs, the learner is able to recall facts, patterns, and concepts that will result in the development of intellect. Concept mapping is primarily based on the cognitive domain, as the learner combines concepts into a framework that can develop critical conceptions and critical thinking. The affective domain includes learning that is based on our interaction with our environment through feelings, values, motivations, and attitudes. Concept mapping draws into the affective domain through the construction of the framework, and the use of the environment to provide definition to the concept, and the use of values, attitudes, and feelings to link the concepts together to promote understanding. The psychomotor domain includes learning in the physical domain, such as movement, coordination, and development of motor skills. Psychomotor learning is measured through speed, precision, and techniques in execution. Concept mapping lends well to learning in the psychomotor domain, as the learner physically constructs the concept map using a variety of tools and software. Concept Mapping in Nursing Education Concept mapping is used at several levels in nursing education. By using concept mapping as a learning process in nursing undergraduate education, the educator can develop and refine critical thinking skills in the learner through generating ideas, promoting nonlinear relationships between patient data and complex disease processes, and forcing the learner to visualize the application of nursing theory to nursing practice (Abel Freeze, 2006; Phelps, Wallen, Cusack, Castro, Muehlbauer, et al., 2009). One of the most common uses of concept mapping in nursing is the use of concept mapping to demonstrate the nursing process in care planning. Each component of the nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation) can be presented around a disease process; or patient problems can be identified and relationships established between the problems to develop a holistic perspective of patient care (Taylor Wros, 2007). See Figure 5. Concept mapping can also be used effectively in formative, as well as summative assessment. In the formative assessment, the educator can provide a baseline concept map with the major concept listed and several basic relationships identified prior to lecture. The student can use the concept map during the lecture to identify further concepts and relationships, and build upon the baseline concept map to develop their knowledge base. Once the lecture is completed, the educator can use the learners maps to evaluate the effectiveness of their lecture, as well as the effectiveness of the learners attention, by examining the completed concept maps and comparing these maps to the lectures objectives (MacNeil, 2007). The baseline concept map can also be developed by the learner prior to class, such as in a homework assignment, and then completed during lecture as well. Figure 5: Sample care plan concept map (Ackley Ladwig, 2006). In a summative assessment, the educator can require a summative concept map at the end of the course to evaluate overall course objectives, as well as provide the learner with a valuable tool for future reference. Concept Mapping Function in a Learner Centered Environment Concept mapping has been used in both undergraduate and graduate nursing as an analytical tool to organize existing knowledge, synthesize new knowledge, and prioritize information in a logical, visual sequence. Concept mapping develops nonlinear cognitive function that can promote critical thinking and clinical decision making in nurses (Wilgis McConnell, 2008). This makes concept mapping an ideal strategy to switch the classroom from a teacher-centered to a learner-centered environment the learner can develop, adapt, and draw their learning directly from the concept map. Concept maps can be used by learners individually, or in small groups, to simplify complex processes and engage students in the learning process (Harrelson, 2006). As study guides, the concept maps can replace traditional question and answer study handouts with a visual map that can promote meaningful learning opposed to rote memorization (Caputi Blach, 2008). Summary Concept maps represent a collaborative learning strategy developed to take advantage of the difference between rote learning and meaningful learning. Concept maps can be used in all aspects of both undergraduate and graduate nursing, and can be used to facilitate education in all learning domains. As learners begin to analyze clinical data, the learner can begin to develop their critical thinking skills and begin to plan comprehensive care for their patients. As learners begin to study disease processes, the learners can appreciate the effects of interventions directly on patient outcomes. 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Qualifications of a Hero Essay

â€Å"With great power there must also come great responsibility.† These words from Peter Parker’s uncle, along with spiders attributes, allow Peter to defeat the Green Goblin and successfully to become the hero of the story, Spiderman. Traditionally, characters who carry attributes such as strength and distinguished super-natural powers/abilities and are successful in the end are automatically known as the heroes of the stories. However, what requirements does a character literally need to be an absolute hero? In most novels today, heroes do not often hold such traditional qualities. Many have to put in effort, and pay the price to undergo this honour. In some instances, they may not even be appreciated as the heroes. Within those novels, we can identify that heroes are frequently victims of the society, victims of the immediate envies of others, which eventually lead to hostilities and cause crisis, and victims of their own isolation. These roles of heroes are apparent inside the texts of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. First of all, in many cases, the heroes play roles of being victims of the society. Surviving under undesirable lifestyles causes people to suffer. They may even face harassment. When enduring in places where their different attributes are obvious to the public and yet they stand out the most, that is when people around start to harass and make fun of them. The theory of harassment as a victim of a society can be seen in Of Mice and Men: â€Å"Curley stared levelly at him. ‘Well, nex’ time you answer when you’re spoke to.’ He turned toward the door and walked out, and his elbows were still bent out a little† (Steinbeck 26). As a small sized but hot-tempered boxer, Curley only likes little guys because they are who he can easily overpower. However, insecure of his size and is over-protective of his wife, Curley hates the big guys and is eager to fight anyone he perceives as a threat to his self-image. Since he is the son of the boss for whom George and Lennie work, Lennie has no choice but to stay in this terrifying situation. Noticing â€Å"His (Curley’s) elbows were still bent out a little,† proves that Lennie unwittingly incurs Curley’s antagonism as well as harassment simply because of his size. A similar case is shown in â€Å"Brave New World†. Although John leaves the London  Hatchery and settles in a deserted area where only imperfect live exists, the world he is grown to live in is filled with hopelessness and yet the brave New World will stay permanent. As a result, the Savage plans to purify himself and to escape further contamination by the filth of civilized life. â€Å"†¦were astonished to see a young man standing outside the abandoned lighthouse stripped to the waist and hitting himself with a whip of knotted cords. His back was horizontally streaked with crimson, and from weal to weal ran thin trickles of blood† (Huxley 226). This passage clearly demonstrates that he cleanses himself, due to the erroneous community he lives in, by carrying out a traditional Reservation religious ceremony (the whipping). Unlike Lennie, who is innocently harassed by other, John wishes to initiate self-flagellate in order for him to call on the God for forgivenes s for his lust for Lenina and lack of concern for Linda’s death. In both situations, due to a hero’s act of being a victim of the society, he must undergo some sort of harassment. Based on these facts, one can conclude that heroes can still be victims of a society, despite that they have done nothing wrong. Other than being harassed, victims of society can also be controlled by others, which mainly results from having no options at all. In Brave New World, this concept is illustrated: † ‘And that,’ put in the Director sententiously, ‘that is the secret of happiness and virtue– liking what you’ve got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their inescapable social destiny’ † (Huxley 13). Obviously, after genetic engineering, Huxley suggests that social conditioning is the most important way for the government to enslave its people. Since the brave New World holds different classes of people, from Alphas to Epsilons, those different caste members are conditioned never to yea rn for a life other than their own. In other words, this is a major instrument for social stability which holds control of everyone within its society, including the heroes. The following scene from Of Mice and Men is another example of victims under control by others, which explains George’s restriction on his mentally handicapped friend. † ‘Lennie, for God’ sakes don’t drink so much.’ Lennie continued to snort into the pool. The small man leaned over and shook him by the shoulder. ‘Lennie. You gonna be sick like you was last night.’†¦ He threw a scoop of water into his face and rubbed it about with his hand, under his chin and around the back of his neck. Then he replaced his hat,  pushed himself back from the river, drew up his embraced them. Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly† (Steinbeck 3, 4). Here, it is obvious as to who is in charge between the two as Lennie carefully obeys George and imitates his actions at the riverbank. It is proven that because Lennie’s mind is not as bright, George simply takes this advantage and holds power over Lennie in their soci ety. Both circumstances in Brave New World and Of Mice and Men show how one can easily dominate others, leaving them no options at all. However, heroes do not necessarily suffer in a bad way when surviving under undesirable lifestyles. Indeed, they dream. They dream about their future, waiting for advancements on the current conditions. In some way, their dreams allow the heroes to dodge from reality as their depression and problems momentarily vanish. The third chapter of Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men shows this concept of dreaming about conditions improving through this passage: † ‘All kin’s a vegetables in the garden, and if we want a little whisky we can sell a few eggs or something, or some milk. We’d jus’ live there. We’d belong there. There wouldn’t be no more runnin’ round the country and gettin’ fed by a Jap cook. No, sir, we’d have our own place where we belonged and not sleep in no bunk house’ † (Steinbeck 57). At this point, Steinbeck clearly shows that both George and Lennie do not live in a pleasing lifestyle and both aspire to obtain a piece of land to live off. This proves that during the time the story is set, life can be very strenuous but dreams can effectively be use to repel despair. The idea of this quote links directly to the following quote, spoken by Bernard in the book Brave New World. â€Å"In a different key, ‘How can I?’ he repeated meditatively. ‘No, the real problem is: How is it that I can’t, or rather – because, after all, I know quite well why I can’t-what would it be like if I could, if I were free – not enslaved by my conditioning’ † (Huxley 81). Bernard’s hatred for the society, which he is forced to live in, is resulted from the fact he cannot interact emotionally or physically to the community. Everyday in his life, he is treated with inhospitality and is obligated to work for something he hates the most. Therefore, sometimes during his loneliness, he will dream about himself being untangled from the brave New World he is born to live in. Unlike George and Lennie, Bernard is not able to allow his sadness fade away as he is hoping for a better future. Instead, he is even more enraged, speaking in an angered tone. From these two  examples, it is obvious that a hero can be influenced by the society negatively, but still dreams for a better life. From all the above arguments, one can clearly realize the statement that victims of the society, whether enduring harassment of some sort, under control by others, or even dreaming about conditions improving, are often the heroes. Secondly, it is the immediate envies from others which may cause the heroes to be dragged into crisis. This takes place when a figure(s) in the story is jealous about what another has, not necessarily high-quality items such as gold or money, but whatever he does not have. Huxley displays this idea of one envying another in Chapter 12 of his book: â€Å"So cordially indeed that Bernard felt a sharp pang of jealousy. In all these weeks he had never come to so close an intimacy with the Savage as Helmholtz immediately achieved. Watching them, listening to their talk, he found himself sometimes resentfully wishing that he had never brought them together† (Huxley 165). Basically, Helmholtz and the Savage are experiencing the same emotion of feeling not part of the society. In addition, they both enjoy poetic literature, which is what they are sharing together. In some way, their sharing of poems allows them to hide from reality as their depression and problems temporarily vanish. However, Bernard, whose knowledge is negligible in terms of literature, envies John and Helmholtz for their happiness. After attempting to jump in and break apart their conversations, Bernard is not too successful and feels like the odd man out, while also being jealous that his two friends like each other more than they like him. In Of Mice and Men, Crooks is fascinated by the strength of the friendship of Lennie and George, but also envies their relationship, by saying † ‘Well, s’pose, jus’ s’pose he don’t come back. What’ll you do then’ † (Steinbeck 72)? Crooks asks these questions because he does not have any friends, and does not know how losing them unexpectedly will feel. Noticing that Lennie is stupid, he takes advantage of this situation to torture him mentally, which makes himself feel better and ease the pain of having others rejecting him. His face lights with pleasure at his torturing to Lennie against the friendship that Lennie has. That is to say, something that Crooks will never have. Thus, he wants other people to suffer the way that he does, of being completely alone. Apparently it is mostly the figure who envies others who must suffer,  while the target do not necessarily get harmed. Additionally, people who are envious of others set goal(s) for themselves. However, due to the fact that they cannot obtain such objective(s), they begin to look at what others have and envying occurs. In Brave New World, John hates the way that brave New World runs, hoping to twists its perspective back to the old world. He states â€Å"But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want s in† (Huxley 219). Here in Chapter 17 of the book, the Savage explains the old world reasoning by asserting that true life requires exposure to all things, good and evil. The unsuccessful Savage envies the Reservation Areas, where imperfect livings still exist, even though he is having a much better life in the New World. In Steinbeck’s novel, wanting the unattainable is also shown. From the outset of the story, Steinbeck makes the failure of George and Lennie’s dream inevitable. Finally, the tragedy of the ending is heightened by the fact that they never realize what just might have been possible. The first indications of this failure are revealed when Lennie’s mental deficiencies are demonstrated – he is both amoral and forgetful. When he is handling the dead mouse he cannot appreciate that doing so is wrong. â€Å"I wasn’t doing nothing bad with it† (Steinbeck 9). Lennie cannot distinguish between right and wrong, which seriously challenges the success of th eir dream. We are given more doubts when we learn of Lennie’s actions in Weed. â€Å"You ain’t gonna do no bad things like you done in Weed† (Steinbeck 7). When George says this he is almost tempting fate, and when Curley’s wife is introduced, their dream heads off the track. Considering what Lennie did in Weed, Curley’s wife was a major threat; she was a problem just waiting to be occurred. Throughout the book, Steinbeck develops the idea of the dream’s inevitable destruction. Steinbeck has clearly emphasised the fact that the dream was never going to happen. In both instances, the heroes are hoping to reach one goal which indeed is not reachable. Frequently, it is because of these unattainable objectives that give the heroes disappointments. In Huxley’s Brave New World, however, it is the hero’s dissatisfaction of his society that leads him to setting an unreachable goal. John states â€Å"Linda had been a slave, Linda had died; others should live in freedom, and the world be made beautiful. A reparation, a duty. And suddenly it was luminously clear to the Savage what he must do; it was as though a shutter  had been opened, a curtain drawn back† (Huxley 192). Here, John realizes that something has to be fulfilled to modify this erroneous society, or the brave New World. As of the day when John and his mother come to the London Hatchery Centre, Linda is feeling unwell. Although she is given somas to keep her in â€Å"holiday†, John believes that somas are poisonous while also enslave the public. It is at this point that the Savage notices his reason for coming to this strange world: he will make it free. Conversely, George in Of Mice and Men is disappointed with his companion Lennie, who in fact, is one of the toughest barriers of reaching their dream of owning a farm. From the quote † ‘God, you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail. I could live so easy and maybe have a girl’ â€Å"(Steinbeck 7), we become aware that George is reluctant to carry Lennie around. However, he has to bear with this responsibility due to the death of Lennie’s Aunt Clara. Although they both want a better life and put in the effort to attain this goal, they never seem to be very successful. Ultimately, it is Lennie whom George blames for their failure. Whether it is the hero’s disappointment that leads to setting an unattainable goal or it is the unreachable goal which leads to his disappointment, these two examples show that one will still suffer with distress of dissatisfaction to some degree. Certainly jealousy of others, wanting the unattainable and undergoing disappointment are the results of immediate envies from others. Frequently the heroes, victims of isolation are such roles. They feel differently about themselves compared to the public and therefore, the act of setting themselves apart from others takes place. To begin with, the decrease of self-confidence of the heroes, due to a number of reasons, is one of the main causes that eventually lead to self-banishment, or one’s isolation. The friendship between John, Helmholtz and Bernard in Chapter 12 of Brave New World shows this concept of self-confidence diminishing: â€Å"He was revenging himself on his two friends for liking one another more than they liked him. In the course of their next two or three meetings he frequently repeated this little act of vengeance. It was simple and, since both Helmholtz and the Savage were dreadfully pained by the shattering and defilement of a favourite poetic crystal, extremely effective. In the end,  Helmholtz threatened to kick him out of the room if he dared to interrupt again† (Huxley 166). Although John and Helmholtz experience depression, both enjoy sharing their unique poetic ideas together. By doing so, their sadness towards the society gradually evaporates. Bernard, however, is the odd man out and is very regretful of bringing them two together. Perhaps he is jealous of the friendship he creates. It is what John and Helmholtz have in common, which Bernard does not, that tightly bonds their relationship while Bernard is left out. As his two companions like each other more than they like him, his self-confidence decreases and envying starts to occur. In addition, Bernard believes that he cannot correspond to John because John is more desirable and knows more than he does. Ultimately, this odious sentiment keeps returning to Bernard as Helmholtz and John continue to share their thoughts and even threaten to boot Bernard out if he interrupts again. As a result, the friendless Bernard cannot relate to his only friends and loses his self-confidence significantly. The concept of one’s isolation that results from low self-confidence of a hero decreasing also appears in Of Mice and Men. From the quotes â€Å"He kept his distance and demanded that other people keep theirs. His body was bent over to the left by his crooked spine, and his eyes lay deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity. His lean face was lined with deep black wrinkles, and he had thin, pain-tightened lips which were lighter than his face† (Steinbeck 67) and † ‘why ain’t you wanted?’ Lennie asked. †Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me’ † (Steinbeck 68), we can identify the fact that Crooks’s self-confidence reduces only because of his physical appearance and attributes. Since this book takes place during the 1930’s and discrimination, sadly, still exists, this Negro experiences isolation because of racism. It is this that the other farmhands believe that it is necessary not to allow, as it seems a privilege in their minds, Crooks to live with them. Furthermore, his separation from others causes his severe loneliness spending his nights reading and his days alone in the barn working on the horses. He is treated as an outcast and underling and is forced to find friendship in the only thing assessable, the books he reads. Crooks’s distance from others eventually causes his downfall, and his downfall also stretches their bonding. From the two circumstances, we can  conclude that one’s judgements are usually base on his physical looks, instead of one’s true behaviours and characteristics. This is a reason why many characters in a story, including heroes, frequently lose their self-confidence which eventually leads to self-banishment of themselves. Moreover, it is because of these reductions in terms of heroes’ self-confidence that causes their withdrawal from a society. Without confidence, they are afraid to be harassed and teased, and are too weak to face the public, resulting isolation in personal. This idea of withdrawing from a society is demonstrated here by Huxley in Chapter 11, stating † ‘But I do,’ he insisted. ‘It makes me feel as though †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ he hesitated, searching for words with which to express himself, ‘as though I were more me, if you see what I mean. More on my own, not so completely a part of something else. Not just a cell in the social body’ † (Huxley 81). The Top Ten Controllers in Brave New World initiate Bernard’s hatred on his society, due to the ways on how the society runs. This links to Bernard’s downfall. The policies of the brave New World, such as to insert alcoholic materials into Gammas’ blood surrogate, indirectly cause Bernard’s downfall. In addition, sleep-teaching hypnosis makes people (in the society) to automatically associate heights with caste levels, thus making it more difficult for others to respect Bernard, who indeed, is an Alpha. Base on this quote, Berna rd wishes to look at the ocean, peacefully, and enjoy it. We can identify that Bernard always wishes to be by himself and extract from the society, instead of being part of the social group. However, his ability may not allow this dream to come true. The concept of withdrawing from the society also takes place in the novel Of Mice and Men, shown in this quote: † ‘S’pose you didn’t have nobody. S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ’cause you was black. How’d you like that’ † (Steinbeck 72). From this, one can identify why Crooks is withdrawing from his society. This black handicap has a strong difference from the rest of the crew, as he must live in a separate room from the rest of the workers. No one in the novel ever feels any sort of empathy or even tries to comprehend what Crooks is saying. This is Steinbeck’s mechanism for displaying Crooks’s isolation from the public. For Crooks, he has never been treated well by any of his co-workers because he is black. In addition, Crooks also does not know how to relate and function normally anymore because of how his loneliness has  effected him. Loneliness has made Crooks a very bitter individual, while he is truly not able to leave this situation because of his race during the entire novel. Proven in both instances, characters are frequently born with imperfections, depending on their society, leading to their extraction from the public and causes isolation. For this reason, victims of one’s isolation experience loneliness as well. In a way, everyone needs someone to talk to, whether it is a family member, a friend, or even a pet, as a source of comfort and wealth for the person. Yet most heroes never seem to behave in such a way. This belief of one feeling lonely can be displayed within this passage: â€Å"From Guildford the down-line followed the Wey valley to Godalming, then, over Milford and Witley, proceeded to Haslemere and on through Petersfield towards Portsmouth. Roughly parallel to it, the upline passed over Worplesden, Tongham, Puttenham, Elstead and Grayshott. Between the Hog’s Back and Hindhead there were points where the two lines were not more than six or seven kilometres apart. The distance was too small for careless flyers-particularly at night and when they had taken half a gramme too much. There had been accidents. Serious ones. It had been decided to deflect the upline a few kilometres to the west. Between Grayshott and Tongham four abandoned air-lighthouses marked the course of the old Portsmouth-to-London road. The skies above them were silent and deserted. It was over Selborne, Bordon and Farnham that the helicopters now ceaselessly hummed and roared. The Savage had chosen as his hermitage the old light-house which stood on the crest of the hill between Puttenham and Elstead† (Huxley 222). Here, Huxley thoroughly explains the fact that John wishes to escape from the London Hatchery Centre as far as possible. He has decided to isolate himself from the society and to live away with pain and loneliness, due to his opposition in terms of the brave New World’s principles. George in Of Mice and Men also demonstrates the concept for a hero being lonely: † ‘I ain’t got no people. I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They don’t have no fun. After a long time they get mean. They get wantin’ to fight all the time†¦ ‘Course Lennie’s a God damn nuisance most of the time, but you get used to goin’ around with a guy an’ you can’t get rid of him’ † (Steinbeck 41). Clearly, George proclaims his view on loneliness to give a reason for his connection with Lennie. This connection George has with Lennie makes the two of them unique to the rest of the  characters. Many of the men on the ranch have a dream, but only Lennie and George have a chance of obtaining it. Essentially, John Steinbeck wants to show that although George and Lennie have the advantage of being a team, they will never accomplish it because all human beings are in essence, alone. Thus, George’s constant playing of the game of solitaire, â€Å"cutting the cards again and put out a solitaire lay† (Steinbeck 28) foreshadows his eventual decision to become a solitary man. Within these two occurrences, one can realize that heroes are affected by the society, which brings them loneliness and isolation. Based on the above examples, it is proven that heroes self-banish because of their weak self-confidence, which ultimately leads to withdrawal from society and subsequent loneliness. We learn from Brave New World and Of Mice and Men that being an absolute hero requires not only traditional skills and abilities, but also being able to withstand great hardships. In both novels, the heroes had to endure being victims of their societies, victims of envy from others, and victims of their own isolations. Despite them undergoing many difficulties in the stories, Bernard and Crooks are not the heroes because neither of them follows the hero monomyth structure. Yet to some extent, they were neither able to escape nor did they survive. Although based on the script, John, for example, left the London Hatchery and decided to live in a deserted area where only imperfect live exists. However, deep down in John’s mind, he knew that the world would never experience the same freedom he is grown to love. In spite of everything, he is trapped by the hands of the controllers of the brave New World. Similar to John, Lennie is forever locked in his mentally handicapped mind and be tricked and betrayed by his best companion, George. As heroes tend not to have successful conclusions, why will anyone choose to be honoured with such positions? If you are required to carry out non-traditional-qualities and/or hardships throughout a story, are you willing to be a hero when given an opportunity?